Both

Periodontal disease is marked by bacterial overgrowth. However, the constant immune response to chronic infection in the mouth are thought to play an important role in the destruction of the gums. Reachers have found over 350 species of microorganisms in a typical oral health. Periodontal infection associated with less than 5% of these species. Healthy and disease-causing bacteria can generally be divided into two categories:

harmless or beneficial bacteria, usually known as gram-positive aerobic bacteria. In periodontal disease, bacterial balance shifts to the

Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Inflammatory diseases and injuries, can not develop without these bacteria. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. These two bacteria appear to be particularly aggressive can cause periodontal disease. Both

P. gingivalis

A. actinomycetemcomitans, along with some deep pockets in the gum associated with resistance to standard treatment for gum disease. P. gingivalis

can double the risk of developing serious gum disease. P. gingivalis

produces enzymes, such as one called arginine specific cysteine ​​proteases, which can impair the immune system and leads to further destruction of periodontal connective tissue. Bacteroides forsythus is also closely associated with periodontal disease. Other bacteria associated with periodontal disease Treponema denticola, T. socranskii,

AP intermediate. These bacteria, as well as << gingivalis >> AP, often present at the same stations, and associated with deep periodontal pockets. Some bacteria associated with gingivitis, but no board development. They include various types of strep. Experience has shown that periodontal disease is an autoimmune disease in which immune factors in the body to attack its own cells and human tissue - in this case, those in the gum. It seems to work as follows:

bacteria form plaque and tartar release toxins that stimulate the immune system strong overproduction of infection to combat factors called cytokines. Normally, cytokines are important for healing. In excess, however, they can cause inflammation and severe damage. In addition, white blood cells produced by the immune response to bacteria also release a family of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that destroy connective tissue. Research shows that this inflammatory response may have detrimental effects not only clear but also strattera cost in organs throughout the body, including the heart. Some herpes viruses (herpes simplex and varicella zoster, the cause of chickenpox and shingles) are known causes of gingivitis. Other herpes viruses (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus) may also play a role in the genesis and progression of some types of periodontal disease, including aggressive and severe chronic diseases. All herpes viruses is accompanied by the active phase of latent phase and possibly reactivation. These viruses can cause periodontal disease in different ways, including release of tissue destructive cytokines, overgrowth of periodontal bacteria, suppressing immune factors and the beginning of other diseases that lead to cell death. .